
Additional
Definitions:
Encyclopedia Britannica
Gypsy
also spelled
Gipsy,
Romany Rom,
any member of a
dark Caucasoid people originating in northern India but living in modern times
worldwide, principally in Europe. Most Gypsies speak
Romany,
a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern
India, as well as the major language of the country in which
they live. It is generally agreed that Gypsy groups left India in repeated
migrations and that they were in Persia by the 11th century, in southeastern
Europe by the beginning of the 14th, and in Western Europe by the 15th century. By
the second half of the 20th century, Gypsies had spread throughout North and South
America and to Australia.
True Gypsies refer to themselves by one
generic name, Rom (meaning “man” or “husband”), and to all non-Gypsies by
another term,
gadje
(an exclusive term with a pejorative connotation meaning “bumpkin,” “yokel,” or
“barbarian”).
Cambridge
International Dictionary of English
Gypsy,
Gipsy, Romany
noun [C]
A member of a race found in parts of Europe and America
who travel from place to place in caravans a gypsy caravan.
A Gypsy encampment.
I had my fortune told by Gypsy Rose at the fair.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc.
gypsy \Gyp"sy\, n.; pl.
Gypsies.
[OE. Gypcyan,
F. gyptien Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See
Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.] 1. One of a vagabond race, whose
tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th century, and
are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain,
A cunning or crafty person [Collog.]
--Prior.
American Desk Dictionary, 1981 by
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Gypsy
n-- 1. one of a nomadic
Caucasoid people orig. migrating from the border region between Iran and India to
Europe in the 14th or 15th century, and now living
principally in Europe and the United States. 2. The Indic language of the Gypsies,
Romany. 3. Often gypsy. A person who is like a Gypsy, as in being a wanderer.
---adj. Of or like Gypsies.
Gyp
tr.v gypped,
gypping Informal, To
swindle, cheat, or defraud. 1. An act of cheating,, a swindle. 2. A person who
cheats; a swindler (Prob, short for Gypsy.) ---gypper n.
Clebert 1963 (author)
The Gypsy word used to describe themselves,
Rom,
is used in three senses: (a) to mean
`Gypsy'
; (b) to mean `man';
(c) to mean `husband'.
The feminine form
romni is commonly used for `wife'.
Adjective romano, adverb romanes.
Romanichel
is in fact a word of the Gypsy language--romanitchal--which
means `son of Rom'. (p.72)
The English invented `Gypsyism'
and `Gypsying'
to designate the various activities of the `Bohemian life', and `Gypsy party', a
picnic in the open air. (p.73)
The Struggle for the Control of
Identity by Ian Hancock
from the RPP Reporter, Vol. 1, No. 1, May 1998 http://www.osi.hu/rpp/perspectives1a.htm
Rrom
(plural Rroma) is the term officially adopted by the International Romani Union to
refer to all people of Romani descent, regardless of self-ascription. Where
a Romani population has a different name for itself, the policy is to use that
name, thus one Romani population in northern Europe refers to itself as
Sinti,
those in Spain, Finland and Wales as
Kalé
and so on.
Confusion arises because Vlax-speaking
Rroma
use the term only with reference to themselves, having other names for other Gypsy
populations. The spelling used here, with double-rr, reflects the usage in the New
Standard Orthography established by the Language Commission of the International
Romani Union.
Vlax (Vlach)
Rroma are those descended
from the populations held in slavery on the Wallachian and Moldavian estates
between the mid-l4th and mid-l9th centuries, tens of thousands of whom have
subsequently left Romania for other parts of the world. The principal Vlax groups
include the
Kalderasha, the
Churara,
the Lovara
and the Machvaya. Most Vlax Rroma in North and South America are Kalderasha.
The
Romanichals
are the Romani population in and from England. They are referred to as
Gipsurja
or Dzipsurja
by Vlax Rroma. American Romanichals refer in turn to the Vlax Rroma disparagingly
as "Turks" or "Ragheads."
The
Bashalde
are a Romani population originally from
Hungary and Slovakia.
Romungre
here refers to the new (post-1989) wave of non-Vlax, non-Romani-speaking Rroma
from Hungary.
The
Bayash
(or
Beyash
or
Boyash)
are descendants of Vlax Rroma who, during the period of Balkan slavery, worked in
the houses of the landowners and were forbidden to speak Romani, consequently
losing that language. The ethnic language of the Bayash in America is
Romanian,
though it is everywhere giving way to English.
Vlax Roma
use the label to refer to various Gypsy populations who don't speak Romani.
[sic]